Getting pastoral systems productivity right.

Beef production in pasture-based systems is increasingly contested due to related biophysical and environmental challenges. Addressing these requires rigorous science-based evidence to inform private decisions and public policies. Increasing yields and simultaneously reducing the negative environmental impacts of agricultural and livestock production are central to sustainable intensification approaches. Yet, stocking rate, the commonly used metric for animal productivity in pastures, or more broadly, of sustainable intensification in pastoral production systems, warrants scrutiny to signpost successful transformative change of food systems and to avoid provision of misleading policy advice. Here we discuss why future studies would benefit of considering the two constituent elements of productivity in pastoral systems - animal performance (kg of animal product/head) and stocking rates (heads/ha) -, rather than stocking rates alone.

Eco-sustainable coatings based on chitosan, pectin, and lemon essential oil nanoemulsion and their effect on strawberry preservation.

Films and coatings manufactured with bio-based renewable materials, such as biopolymers and essential oils, could be a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative for protecting and preserving agricultural products. In this work, we developed films and coatings from pectin and chitosan to protect strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) from spoilage and microbial contamination. We developed three coatings containing equal amounts of glycerol and Sicilian lemon essential oil (LEO) nanoemulsion. We identified seventeen chemicals from LEO by GC-MS chromatogram, including d-limonene, α-Pinene, ß-Pinene, and γ-Terpinene. The pectin and chitosan coatings were further characterized using different physicochemical, mechanical, and biological methods. The films demonstrated satisfactory results in strength and elongation at the perforation as fruit packaging. In addition, the coatings did not influence the weight and firmness of the strawberry pulps. We observed that 100 % essential oil was released in 1440 min resulting from the erosion process. Also, the oil preserved the chemical stability of the films. Antioxidant activity (AA), measured by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), showed that the coatings loaded with 2 % LEO nanoemulsion (PC + oil) showed that almost 50 % of AA from LEO nanoemulsion was preserved. The chitosan and the pectin-chitosan coatings (PC + oil) inhibited filamentous fungi and yeast contaminations in strawberries for at least 14 days, showing a relationship between the AA and antimicrobial results.

DOCU-CLIM: A global documentary climate dataset for climate reconstructions.

Documentary climate data describe evidence of past climate arising from predominantly written historical documents such as diaries, chronicles, newspapers, or logbooks. Over the past decades, historians and climatologists have generated numerous document-based time series of local and regional climates. However, a global dataset of documentary climate time series has never been compiled, and documentary data are rarely used in large-scale climate reconstructions. Here, we present the first global multi-variable collection of documentary climate records. The dataset DOCU-CLIM comprises 621 time series (both published and hitherto unpublished) providing information on historical variations in temperature, precipitation, and wind regime. The series are evaluated by formulating proxy forward models (i.e., predicting the documentary observations from climate fields) in an overlapping period. Results show strong correlations, particularly for the temperature-sensitive series. Correlations are somewhat lower for precipitation-sensitive series. Overall, we ascribe considerable potential to documentary records as climate data, especially in regions and seasons not well represented by early instrumental data and palaeoclimate proxies.

The global historical climate database HCLIM.

There is a growing need for past weather and climate data to support science and decision-making. This paper describes the compilation and construction of a global multivariable (air temperature, pressure, precipitation sum, number of precipitation days) monthly instrumental climate database that encompasses a substantial body of the known early instrumental time series. The dataset contains series compiled from existing databases that start before 1890 (though continuing to the present) as well as a large amount of newly rescued data. All series underwent a quality control procedure and subdaily series were processed to monthly mean values. An inventory was compiled, and the collection was deduplicated based on coordinates and mutual correlations. The data are provided in a common format accompanied by the inventory. The collection totals 12452 meteorological records in 118 countries. The data can be used for climate reconstructions and analyses. It is the most comprehensive global monthly climate dataset for the preindustrial period so far.

Cardiovascular disease risk among male workers of a regional electricity distribution company in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: At energy distribution companies, office and operational employees work in different occupational environments. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can develop due to occupational factors and can often lead to morbidity and disability. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of CVD in workers with different occupations in an energy distribution company, using cardiometabolic indices. METHODS: Workers (men), aged between 20 and 70 years, were divided into two groups: operational (n = 78) and office (n = 106) workers. Their metabolic profiles were analyzed using anthropometric and laboratory data to obtain the atherogenic plasma index (AIP) and insulin resistance index (TyG), and to identify the hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype as cardiometabolic indicators. RESULTS: There was no difference in CVD risk between the two groups. However, 82% of the test subjects presented a high risk for the development of atherosclerosis based on the AIP, and 11.4% presented the HTGW phenotype, along with the presence of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and being overweight as risk factors for CVD. CONCLUSIONS: Although the identified risk factors are not related to the type of occupation at work, companies in the electricity sector can invest in the implementation of measures for health promotion to protect and prevent diseases and improve labor productivity and quality.

Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate Improves Outcomes in Adults With Osteochondral Dissecans of the Talus and Achilles Rupture.

PURPOSE: The objective of this systematic literature review was to investigate the effects of the clinical application of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) and/or bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) in tendon and cartilage injuries in the foot and ankle. METHODS: A search of the Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases was performed in January 2021. The risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the tool "A Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Non-Randomized Studies." The outcomes analyzed included pain reduction and functional improvement with the use of BMA/BMAC in patients with tendon and cartilage injuries in the foot and ankle. RESULTS: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis, involving a total of 527 subjects with osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talus, cartilage lesions of the talus, and acute Achilles tendon rupture. BMAC was applied alone in 4 studies, and in 7 studies, it was compared with other techniques such as matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation, particulate juvenile articular cartilage, or microfracture. Interventions demonstrated improved function and reduced foot and ankle pain and showed no serious adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence indicates that BMAC provides good clinical results, with improved function and reduced pain in adults with OCL and cartilage lesions of the talus and acute Achilles tendon rupture. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of level II to IV studies.

Uso de Audit and Feedback: lições de uma pesquisa de implementação / Uso de Audit and Feedback: lecciones de una investigación de implementación / Use of the Audit and Feedback: lessons from an implementation study

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar, a partir do discurso de profissionais da Atenção Básica, como o uso da estratégia Audit and Feedback contribuiu para geração de tensão por mudança na implementação de apoio matricial em um município paulista de médio porte. Métodos Estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio da análise da transcrição de Grupos de Apreciação Partilhada que empregaram a estratégia Audit and Feedback junto a cinco equipes de Atenção Básica em um município paulista de médio porte entre dezembro de 2019 e março de 2020. Para análise dos dados foi empregada análise de conteúdo que utilizou como categorias previamente definidas os desfechos de implementação: aceitabilidade, adequação e adoção, entendidos como principais desfechos relacionados à tensão por mudanças. Resultados As falas dos profissionais que participaram dos grupos em que foi empregada a estratégia Audit and Feedback permitiram identificar a geração de tensão por mudança produzida a partir dos dados que lhe foram apresentados. Indicativos de aceitabilidade, adequação e adoção em relação ao apoio matricial foram evidenciados, sugerindo assim a contribuição da estratégia empregada para o sucesso da implementação. Conclusão A estratégia Audit and Feedback se mostrou efetiva na geração de tensão por mudança, favorecendo assim o reconhecimento da necessidade da intervenção e consequentemente facilitando a sua implementação.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar, a partir del discurso de profesionales de la Atención Básica, de qué forma el uso de la estrategia Audit and Feedback contribuyó para la generación de tensión por cambio en la implementación de apoyo matricial en un municipio del estado de São Paulo de tamaño mediano. Métodos Estudio cualitativo, realizado por medio del análisis de la transcripción de Grupos de Apreciación Compartida que utilizaron la estrategia Audit and Feedback con cinco equipos de Atención Básica en un municipio del estado de São Paulo de tamaño mediano entre diciembre de 2019 y marzo de 2020. Para el análisis de los datos se empleó el análisis de contenido que utilizó como categorías previamente definidas los desenlaces de implementación: aceptabilidad, adecuación y adopción, entendidos como principales desenlaces relacionados con la tensión por cambios. Resultados Los relatos de los profesionales que participaron de los grupos en los que se empleó la estrategia Audit and Feedback permitieron identificar la generación de tensión por cambio producida a partir de los datos que les presentaron. Se evidenciaron indicativos de aceptabilidad, adecuación y de adopción en relación con el apoyo matricial, lo que sugiere la contribución de la estrategia empleada para el éxito de la implementación. Conclusión La estrategia Audit and Feedback demostró ser efectiva en la generación de tensión por cambio, lo que favorece el reconocimiento de la necesidad de la intervención y, como consecuencia, facilita su implementación.

Abstract Objective Based on the discourse of Primary Care professionals, to assess how the use of the Audit and Feedback strategy contributed to the generate tension for change in the implementation of matrix support in a medium-sized city in São Paulo. Methods Qualitative study conducted by analyzing the transcript of Shared Appreciation Groups that used the Audit and Feedback strategy with five Primary Care teams in a medium-sized city in São Paulo between December 2019 and March 2020. Content analysis was used in data analysis. The implementation outcomes: acceptability, adequacy and adoption, understood as the main outcomes related to the tension for change, were previously defined as categories. Results The speeches of professionals who participated in the groups in which the Audit and Feedback strategy was used made it possible to identify the generation of tension for change produced from data presented to them. Indications of acceptability, adequacy and adoption in relation to the matrix support were evidenced, thereby suggesting the contribution of the strategy employed to the success of the implementation. Conclusion The Audit and Feedback strategy proved to be effective in generating tension for change, thereby favoring the recognition of the need for intervention and consequently facilitating its implementation.

Terapias asociadas a probioticos en la erradicación de helicobacter pylori

Las infecciones por Helicobacter pylori son muy comunes en nuestro entorno, en muchos casos se presentan como asintomáticas o con afecciones gastrointestinales, pero no se deben tomar a la ligera, es una infección que puede llevar a graves consecuencias, desde gastritis hasta cáncer gástrico. Su tratamiento se ha estado modificando por casos de resistencia a los medicamentos de primera línea en distintos países. Se realizó una recopilación de datos a través de PubMed, HINARI, SciELO, SCOPUS y Cochrane Library. Los probióticos se utilizan para incrementar el rango de erradicación de la bacteria, la disminución de la bacteria, pero esto acompañado de un tratamiento adecuado, mejora de dieta, sistema inmune del paciente. Debido a que reduce los efectos secundarios en pacientes, promueve un restablecimiento microbiota gastrointestinal, la cual es afectada ante agentes patógenos como el H. pylori.

Helicobacter pylori infections are very common in our environment, in many cases they present as asymptomatic or with gastrointestinal conditions, but they should not be taken lightly, it is an infection that can lead to serious consequences, from gastritis to gastric cancer. Its treatment has been changing due to cases of resistance to first-line drugs in different countries. Data collection was performed through PubMed, HINARI, SciELO, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library. Probiotics are used to increase the range of eradication of the bacteria, as well as the reduction of the bacteria, but this is accompanied by adequate treatment, diet improvement, the patient's immune system, because it reduces side effects in patients. It is because it promotes a restoration of the gastrointestinal microbiota, which is affected by pathogens such as H. pylori.

Teoria da mudança para implementação de apoio matricial em saúde mental / Theory of change para implementación del apoyo matricial en salud mental / Theory of change for implementing matrix support in mental health

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o processo de elaboração da theory of change para implementação do Apoio Matricial em um município paulista de médio porte e refletir sobre contribuições dessa abordagem para o planejamento e avaliação dessa intervenção considerando as potencialidades e desafios a partir de sua execução no formato remoto. Métodos Estudo qualitativo realizado por meio de oficinas participativas e construção de narrativas com trabalhadores e gestores da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial seguindo as recomendações de um guia para o desenvolvimento de theory of change em intervenções complexas. Resultados A implementação do Apoio Matricial configura um dos três resultados distais que culminam na possibilidade de estabelecer a lógica do cuidado compartilhado relacionando-se à ativação da rede intersetorial e a implementação de um Comitê de Educação Permanente. Ainda foram reconhecidos componentes externos que deveriam ser garantidos pelo contexto organizacional para o efetivo alcance de alguns resultados intermediários e de longo prazo. Conclusão A elaboração da theory of change foi efetiva em delimitar objetivos e componentes da implementação a partir da perspectiva dos atores envolvidos, estabelecendo indicadores para seu monitoramento e avaliação a partir das condições do contexto e possibilitando o direcionamento de esforços dos trabalhadores para sua consolidação.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el proceso de elaboración de la theory of change para implementar el apoyo matricial en un municipio paulista de medio porte y reflexionar sobre las contribuciones de este enfoque para la planificación y evaluación de esta intervención, considerando las posibilidades y desafíos a partir de su ejecución en formato remoto. Métodos Estudio cualitativo realizado por medio de talleres participativos y construcción de narrativas con trabajadores y gerentes de la Red de Atención Psicosocial, siguiendo las recomendaciones de una guía para la elaboración de la theory of change en intervenciones complejas. Resultados La implementación del apoyo matricial configura uno de los tres resultados distales que culminan en la posibilidad de establecer la lógica del cuidado compartido y se relaciona con la activación de la red intersectorial y la implementación de un Comité de Educación Permanente. Además, se reconocieron componentes externos que deberían estar garantizados por el contexto organizacional para llegar a algunos resultados intermedios y de largo plazo. Conclusión La elaboración de la theory of change fue efectiva para definir objetivos y componentes de la implementación a partir de la perspectiva de los actores involucrados, lo que permitió establecer indicadores para su monitoreo y evaluación a partir de las condiciones del contexto y orientar los esfuerzos de los trabajadores para su consolidación.

Abstract Objective To describe the process of development of the theory of change for the implementation of Matrix Support in a medium-sized municipality in São Paulo and to reflect on the contributions of this approach to the planning and evaluation of this intervention, considering the potentialities and challenges from its execution remotely. Methods Qualitative study performed through participatory workshops and construction of narratives with workers and managers of the Psychosocial Care Network following the recommendations of a guide for the development of the theory of change in complex interventions. Results The implementation of Matrix Support configures one of the three distal results that culminate in the possibility of establishing the logic of shared care related to the activation of intersectoral network and the implementation of a Continuing Education Committee. External components that should be guaranteed by the organizational context for the effective achievement of some intermediate and long-term results were also recognized. Conclusion The development of the theory of change was effective in delimiting objectives and implementation components from the perspective of the actors involved, establishing indicators for its monitoring and evaluation based on context conditions, and enabling the direction of workers' efforts towards its consolidation.

Analysis of the biocompatibility of a biocelulose and a poly L- lactic acid membrane

The use of selective barriers as resorbable membranes has become a routine clinical procedure for guided bone regeneration. Therefore, the production of membranes with a low inflammatory potential during their resorption process has become the goal of a considerable number of researches. Aim: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of poly (L- lactic acid) (PLLA) and biocelulose membranes (BC) inserted in the subcutaneous tissue on the dorsum of rats. Methods: Fifteen animals underwent surgical procedures for the insertion of 4 types of membranes: COL (Collagen membrane) ­ Control Group; BC (Biocellulose membrane); BCAg (Biocellulose membrane impregnated with Silver); PLLA (Poly (L-lactic acid) membrane). All membrane types were inserted into each animal. Animals were euthanized after 3, 7, and 15 days of the surgical procedure. Descriptive histological analyses were carried out to investigate host tissue reaction to membrane presence by assessing the anti-inflammatory process composition associated with the membrane resorption and the presence of foreign-body reaction or encapsulation. Results: The BC membranes showed a higher degree of inflammation and poor pattern of integration with the surrounding tissues than the PLLA and COL membranes. Conclusion: The PLLA and COL membranes present better biocompatibility than the BC membranes

Practical approach to the native distal femur fractures in the elderly: A rapid review over the recent trends.

Significant work has been done in recent years on treatment strategies for distal femur fractures. Inclusive reviews on periprosthetic fractures of distal femur have been carried out recently, but there is a lack of such reviews on the subject of native distal femur fractures in the recent literature. In this narrative review, we are set out to address the latest updates on geriatric non-periprosthetic distal femur fractures, and perform a rapid review over different treatment options, arriving at a summarized proposed treatment algorithm.

Rhamnolipids as Green Stabilizers of nZVI and Application in the Removal of Nitrate From Simulated Groundwater.

Environmental contamination caused by inorganic compounds is a major problem affecting soils and surface water. Most remediation techniques are costly and generally lead to incomplete removal and production of secondary waste. Nanotechnology, in this scenario with the zero-valent iron nanoparticle, represents a new generation of environmental remediation technologies. It is non-toxic, abundant, cheap, easy to produce, and its production process is simple. However, in order to decrease the aggregation tendency, the zero-iron nanoparticle is frequently coated with chemical surfactants synthesized from petrochemical sources, which are persistent or partially biodegradable. Biosurfactants (rhamnolipids), extracellular compounds produced by microorganisms from hydrophilic and hydrophobic substrates can replace synthetic surfactants. This study investigated the efficiency of a rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the aggregation of nanoscale zer-valent iron (nZVI) and its efficiency in reducing nitrate in simulated groundwater at pH 4.0. Two methods were tested: 1) adding the rhamnolipid during chemical synthesis and 2) adding the rhamnolipid after chemical synthesis of nZVI. Scanning electron microscopy field emission, X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering, and zeta potential measurements were used to characterize bare nZVI and rhamnolipid-coated nZVI. The effects of the type of nZVI and initial NO3 concentration were examined. Nanoscale zer-valent iron with the addition of the rhamnolipid after synthesis achieved the best removal rate of nitrate (about 78%), with an initial nitrate concentration of 25 mg L-1. The results suggest that nZVI functionalized with rhamnolipids is a promising strategy for the in situ remediations of groundwater contaminated by NO3, heavy metal, and inorganic carbon.

Profile qualitative variables on the dynamics of weight loss programs in dogs.

Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder in dogs and it is associated with many comorbidities. Some obesity risk factors have already been established, however, the evaluation of the effect of different individual variables on weight loss induced by calorie restriction, although very important, is still poorly explored. The weight loss protocol can be updated and improved by more precise and adjusted equations throughout the weight loss program in the clinical routine practice. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze weight loss program dynamics in groups according to reproductive status, age, body size, and breed, as well as to define more accurately the amount of calories per target metabolic weight throughout the program. Data of 1,053 cases, presented between 2012 and 2019 at the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of the University of São Paulo (FMVZ-USP) were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 77 obese dogs (body condition scores 8/9 or 9/9) of different ages, breeds, sizes, and reproductive status were selected. These dogs did not have any concomitant illnesses and successfully completed the weight loss program. Statistical analysis was performed and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. The proposed weight loss program was based on an energy restriction protocol where daily energy intake (in kcal) was estimated as 70 kcal × target weight0.75. The target weight (TW) was defined as 80% of the animal's current weight. The average calorie intake for weight loss (calories x target weight0.75) was lower for spayed females (62.36), differing from intact males (66.14) and neutered males (65.41), while intact females (63.66) showed intermediate values without differing between groups (p = 0.015). There were no differences between weight loss calories according to age (p = 0.473) or body size (p = 0.084), allowing the use of the same mathematical equation for intact and neutered dogs; for dogs older than 1 year and of different body sizes. Regarding the breed, the average calorie intake was lower (p = 0.002) in mixed breed dogs (61.54xTW0.75) when compared to obesity-prone purebred dogs (64.17xTW0.75) and other purebreds (65.27xTW0.75). It was concluded that spayed females and mixed breed dogs have greater difficulty in losing weight, that is, they need fewer calories per metabolic body weight for the weight loss program to succeed. A more accurate equation for energy requirement for weight loss can improve chances of success, therefore improving compliance and helping clinical management of obesity in dogs.

New Insights Into Blue Light Phototherapy in Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi Infection.

The search for an effective etiologic treatment to eliminate Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease, has continued for decades and yielded controversial results. In the 1970s, nifurtimox and benznidazole were introduced for clinical assessment, but factors such as parasite resistance, high cellular toxicity, and efficacy in acute and chronic phases of the infection have been debated even today. This study proposes an innovative strategy to support the controlling of the T. cruzi using blue light phototherapy or blue light-emitting diode (LED) intervention. In in vitro assays, axenic cultures of Y and CL strains of T. cruzi were exposed to 460 nm and 40 µW/cm2 of blue light for 5 days (6 h/day), and parasite replication was evaluated daily. For in vivo experiments, C57BL6 mice were infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi and exposed to 460 nm and 7 µW/cm2 of blue light for 9 days (12 h/day). Parasite count in the blood and cardiac tissue was determined, and plasma interleukin (IL-6), tumoral necrosis factor (TNF), chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and IL-10 levels and the morphometry of the cardiac tissue were evaluated. Blue light induced a 50% reduction in T. cruzi (epimastigote forms) replication in vitro after 5 days of exposure. This blue light-mediated parasite control was also observed by the T. cruzi reduction in the blood (trypomastigote forms) and in the cardiac tissue (parasite DNA and amastigote nests) of infected mice. Phototherapy reduced plasma IL-6, TNF and IL-10, but not CCL2, levels in infected animals. This non-chemical therapy reduced the volume density of the heart stroma in the cardiac connective tissue but did not ameliorate the mouse myocarditis, maintaining a predominance of pericellular and perivascular mononuclear inflammatory infiltration with an increase in polymorphonuclear cells. Together, these data highlight, for the first time, the use of blue light therapy to control circulating and tissue forms of T. cruzi. Further investigation would demonstrate the application of this promising and potential complementary strategy for the treatment of Chagas disease.

Silver nanoparticles stabilized by ramnolipids: Effect of pH.

Rhamnolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants that have remarkable physicochemical characteristics, such as the capacity for self-assembly, which makes these biomolecules a promising option for application in nanobiotechnology. Rhamnolipids produced from a low-cost carbon source (glycerol) were used to stabilize silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been the subject of studies due to their physical chemical as well as biological properties, which corroborate their catalytic and antimicrobial activity. We compared nanoparticles obtained with three different pH values during synthesis (5, 7 and 9) in the presence of rhamnolipids. Dynamic light scattering showed that larger particles were formed at pH 5 (78-190 nm) compared to pH 7 (6.5-43 nm) and 9 (5.6-28.1 nm). Moreover, nanoparticle stability (analyzed based on the zeta potential) was enhanced with the increase in pH from 5 to 9 (-29.86 ± 1.04, -37.83 ± 0.90 and -40.33 ± 0.57 mV, respectively). Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy confirmed the round morphology of the silver nanoparticles. The LSPR spectra of AgNP for the pHs studied are conserved. In conclusion, different pH values in the presence of rhamnolipids used in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles directly affect nanoparticle size and stability.

COVID-19 ¿Una Oportunidad O Un Retraso Para La Educación Médica De Pregrado? / COVID-19 an oportunnity or a disaster for undergraduate medical education?

La presente carta al editor expresa una opinión novedosa sobre las perspectivas sobre la educación me´dica de pregrado durante la pandemia del COVID-19. Hace un repaso sobre la educación médica tradicional y sobre los beneficios y perjuicios de los nuevos modelos educacionales, como la telemedicina.

This letter expresses a novel opinion on the prospects for undergraduate medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. It reviews traditional medical education and the benefits and harms of new educational models, such as telemedicine.

Brazilian owners perception of the body condition score of dogs and cats.

BACKGROUND: The knowledge of how owners view the body condition of their animals is an important factor for the success of the prevention/treatment of obesity and the engagement/adherence to nutritional interventions, which are fundamental to improve the animal prognosis. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the perception of the owners regarding the body condition score of their animals, compare the perception between cat vs. dog owners, and owners from the countryside vs. metropolitan region of São Paulo State in Brazil. RESULTS: 601 dogs and 110 cats were included in this study. There was no significant difference in body condition score assigned by owners by species. Owners of dogs and cats classified by the veterinarian as ideal, overweight, and obese who disagree with body condition score assigned by veterinarian mainly underestimate the body condition score of their animals, while lean dogs' owners overestimate it. Countryside dog owners had a higher rate of disagreement with the veterinarian and more often underestimate the body condition score than owners from the metropolitan region. The owners of lean cats have the same judgments with veterinarians. CONCLUSIONS: Owners of dogs and cats have difficulty assessing the body condition score, especially owners from countryside.

Current European flood-rich period exceptional compared with past 500 years.

There are concerns that recent climate change is altering the frequency and magnitude of river floods in an unprecedented way1. Historical studies have identified flood-rich periods in the past half millennium in various regions of Europe2. However, because of the low temporal resolution of existing datasets and the relatively low number of series, it has remained unclear whether Europe is currently in a flood-rich period from a long-term perspective. Here we analyse how recent decades compare with the flood history of Europe, using a new database composed of more than 100 high-resolution (sub-annual) historical flood series based on documentary evidence covering all major regions of Europe. We show that the past three decades were among the most flood-rich periods in Europe in the past 500 years, and that this period differs from other flood-rich periods in terms of its extent, air temperatures and flood seasonality. We identified nine flood-rich periods and associated regions. Among the periods richest in floods are 1560-1580 (western and central Europe), 1760-1800 (most of Europe), 1840-1870 (western and southern Europe) and 1990-2016 (western and central Europe). In most parts of Europe, previous flood-rich periods occurred during cooler-than-usual phases, but the current flood-rich period has been much warmer. Flood seasonality is also more pronounced in the recent period. For example, during previous flood and interflood periods, 41 per cent and 42 per cent of central European floods occurred in summer, respectively, compared with 55 per cent of floods in the recent period. The exceptional nature of the present-day flood-rich period calls for process-based tools for flood-risk assessment that capture the physical mechanisms involved, and management strategies that can incorporate the recent changes in risk.

Avaliação da adesão ao tratamento com Tamoxifeno por mulheres com câncer de mama / Tamoxifen treatment adherence assessment by women breast cancer / Evalución de adherencia al tratamento com Tamoxifeno em mujeres com cáncer de seno

Justificativa e objetivos: A terapia antineoplásica oral apresenta vantagens comparada a outras terapias para o tratamento do câncer, por ser administrada em domicílio, de forma simples e rápida, no entanto, essa terapia aumenta a responsabilidade do paciente em relação ao seu tratamento e a adesão é fundamental para a sua eficácia. Evidenciam-se poucos estudos referente ao acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico na terapia antineoplásica oral, nesses contexto, o presente estudo busca avaliar a adesão ao tratamento com tamoxifeno em mulheres com câncer de mama, antes e após acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo clínico randomizado e quantitativo. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante seis meses. A randomização aleatória dividiu-se em Grupo Controle e Grupo Acompanhamento, sendo o acompanhamento subdividido: Antes e Após o Acompanhamento. O Grupo acompanhamento recebeu mensalmente intervenções farmacêuticas individuais. A adesão foi avaliada pelo Brief Medication Questionnair e Problemas Relacionados aos Medicamentos quanto Necessidade, Efetividade e Segurança. Resultados: Após acompanhamento farmacêutico observou-se diferença entre os grupos Grupo Acompanhamento e Grupo Controle quanto à prática de atividade física (p=0,043), adesão ao tratamento (p=0,006), redução de efeitos adversos (p=0,003) e doenças associadas (p=0,002). Os Problemas Relacionados a Medicamentos mais frequentes foram de segurança e adesão, para os quais foram realizadas 54 intervenções farmacêuticas. As reações adversas descritas pelas pacientes acometiam principalmente sistema genital e trato gastrintestinal. Conclusão: Evidenciou-se que o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico contribuiu efetivamente na adesão ao tratamento com tamoxifeno e as intervenções farmacêuticas realizadas contribuíram para prevenção e redução dos problemas associados a farmacoterapia.(AU)

Background and objectives: Oral antineoplastic therapy has advantages compared to other therapies for the treatment of cancer, because it is administered at home, in a simple and fast, however, this therapy increases the responsibility of the patient regarding its treatment and adherence is critical to its effectiveness. There are few studies on pharmacotherapeutic monitoring in oral antineoplastic therapy. In this context, the present study aims to evaluate to adherence with tamoxifen in women with breast cancer, before and after of pharmaceutical care. Methods: It is a randomized and quantitative clinical study. Data collection was performed during six months. Random randomization was divided into Control Group and Monitoring Group. The follow-up was subdivided: Before and After Monitoring. The Monitoring Group received monthly individual pharmaceutical interventions. Adherence was assessed by the Brief Medication Questionnaire and Drug Related Problems as Need, Effectiveness, and Safety. Results: There was a significant difference between the follow-up group and control group regarding physical activity (p = 0.043), adherence to treatment (p = 0.006), reduction of adverse effects (p = 0.003) and associated diseases (p = 0.002). The most frequent drug-related problems were safety and adherence, for which 54 pharmaceutical interventions were performed. The adverse reactions described by the patients mainly affected the genital system and the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion: It was evidence the pharmaceutical care effectively contributed to the adherence to tamoxifen treatment and the performed pharmaceutical interventions contributed to the prevention and reduction of the problems associated with phamacoterapy.(AU)

Justificación y objetivo: La terapia antineoplásica oral presenta ventajas comparadas a otras terapias para el tratamiento del cáncer, por ser administrada a domicilio, de forma simple y rápida, sin embargo, esta terapia aumenta la responsabilidad del paciente en relación a su tratamiento y la adhesión es fundamental para su eficacia. Se evidencian pocos estudios referentes al seguimiento farmacoterapéutico en la terapia antineoplásica oral, en ese contexto, el presente estudio busca evaluar la adhesión al tratamiento con tamoxifeno en mujeres con cáncer de mama, antes y después de seguimento farmacoterapéutico. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio clínico aleatorizado y cuantitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó durante seis meses. La aleatorización aleatoria se dividió en Grupo Control y Grupo Seguimiento, siendo el acompañamiento subdividido: Antes y Después del Acompañamiento. El Grupo de seguimiento recibió mensualmente intervenciones farmacéuticas individuales. La adhesión fue evaluada por el Brief Medication Questionnair y los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos como la necesidad, la eficacia y la seguridad. Resultados: Después del seguimiento farmacéutico se observó diferencia entre los grupos Grupo Acompañamiento y Grupo Control en cuanto a la práctica de actividad física (p = 0,043), adhesión al tratamiento (p = 0,006), reducción de efectos adversos (p = 0,003) y enfermidades asociadas (p = 0,003) p = 0,002). Los problemas relacionados con los medicamentos más frecuentes fueron de seguridad y adhesión, para los que se realizaron 54 intervenciones farmacéuticas. Las reacciones adversas descritas por las pacientes acometieron principalmente sistema genital y tracto gastrointestinal. Conclusión: Se evidenció que el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico contribuyó efectivamente a la adherencia al tratamiento con tamoxifeno y las intervenciones farmacéuticas realizadas contribuyeron a la prevención y reducción de los problemas asociados con la farmacoterapia.(AU)

Comitê Gestor da Pesquisa como dispositivo estratégico para uma pesquisa de implementação em saúde mental / Research Management Committee as strategic device for a mental health implementation research

RESUMO Os objetivos do presente estudo foram identificar e analisar as contribuições do Comitê Gestor da Pesquisa para o acesso aos desfechos relacionados à implementação, em uma pesquisa conduzida no campo da saúde mental. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que adotou como recurso metodológico a realização de grupo focal e o levantamento dos dados registrados nas atas dos encontros promovidos pelo Comitê. Por meio do estudo, foi possível identificar que o Comitê Gestor da Pesquisa favoreceu a participação das partes interessadas em diversos aspectos da pesquisa; possibilitou a avaliação e o monitoramento do sentido e da viabilidade da pesquisa para o campo de estudo, sob a ótica de quem vive a experiência do cotidiano do trabalho e do cuidado; e favoreceu o acesso a alguns desfechos da pesquisa de implementação de forma contínua e mais significativa para aqueles que se beneficiariam dela. Neste sentido, sugere-se aos pesquisadores e às agências envolvidas nesse tipo de estudo a adoção dessa ferramenta como uma possibilidade de tornar a pesquisa um processo mais dialógico e potencialmente transformador.

ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to identify and analyze the contributions of the Research Management Committee for access to outcomes related to implementation, in a research conducted in the mental health field. It is a qualitative study that adopted as a methodological resource the accomplishment of a focus group and the data collection of the minutes of the meetings held by the Committee. By means of the study, it was possible to identify that the Research Management Committee favored the participation of the interested parties in several aspects of the research; made possible the evaluation and monitoring of the meaning and feasibility of the research in the field of study, from the perspective of those who live the experience of daily work and care; and favored access to some outcomes of implementation research in a continuous and more meaningful way for those who would benefit from it. In this sense, the researchers and agencies involved in this type of study are suggested to adopt this tool as a possibility to make the research a more dialogic and potentially transformative process.